Jeudi 19 janvier 2023 à 14:00

CANDIDAT : Julien Brisson

GRADE POSTULÉ : Ph.D.

PROGRAMME : Bioéthique

LIEU : salle 3019, Pavillon 7101 avenue du Parc ou en ligne via le lien Zoom.

Colombian Adolescents’ Autonomy to Access Sexual & Reproductive Health Services: An Empirical Bioethics Study.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) advocates “fostering” the autonomy of adolescents to access health services. But the question of adolescents’ autonomy in healthcare raises complex ethical questions (e.g., necessity of parental consent).  Hence, there is a need to investigate empirically the ethical questions around fostering adolescents’ autonomy to access sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS). Because of its particular context (e.g., adolescents’ legal access to SRHS), Colombia was chosen for this study.

Objectives: The objectives of this project were to 1) understand how adolescents comprehend the concept of autonomy, 2) explore the preferences and experiences of adolescents regarding their autonomy to access SRHS, 3) examine how adolescents wish for their autonomy to be fostered, and 4) identify the ethical issues and provide ethically informed solutions in line with the WHO’s call to foster adolescents’ autonomy.

Methodology: A mixed-method approach was used with semi-structured interviews and surveys for cross-sectional analysis. The research took place in the Colombian departments of Antioquia and Valle del Cauca. Adolescents who presented themselves at two Profamilia clinics were invited to answer a survey. In parallel, the interviews offered an opportunity for participants to present and share their opinions and experiences concerning their autonomy to access SRHS.

Results: A total of 812 participants aged 11-24 completed a survey, and 45 participants (aged 14-23) participated in an individual interview. The interviews demonstrated that participants’ understanding of autonomy was highly dependent on personal experiences, which influenced their choice and ability to access SRHS. Seen through the ethical lens of a reproductive justice framework, the results highlight the unequal opportunities of adolescents in terms of autonomy to access SRHS. In parallel, the survey showed that Colombian adolescents have a variety of preferences regarding how to access SRHS. Previous research has shown that adolescents prefer privacy and independence where SRHS are concerned, findings that align with the longstanding tendency to frame the ethical principle of autonomy from the perspective of individuality and self-reliance. However, most participants in this study expressed a strong wish to be able to talk openly with their parents about sexual and reproductive health, and many also wanted to be accompanied when they access SRHS.

Conclusions: Based on the study findings, the following recommendations are put forward in support of a more ethical access to SRHS in Colombia: 1) teach adolescents the basis of autonomy, so they can equally benefit from the necessary knowledge and skills to exercise their rights to access SRHS; 2) invest in research with parents to determine if providing them with comprehensive sex education could help adolescents access SRHS; 3) adopt a nuanced “relational autonomy” approach to respect the myriad of preferences that Colombian adolescents have regarding access to SRHS. As adolescents start developing their autonomy and engaging in sexual relations, it is critical to provide them with the necessary tools and resources to access needed SRHS.

Mots-clés : access to health, adolescent, autonomy, bioethics, consent, Colombia, global health, mixed method, sexual health, reproductive health.