Mercredi 18 deécembre 2023, à 9 h 30

CANDIDATE : Sherri Bloch

GRADE POSTULÉ : Ph.D.

PROGRAMME : Santé publique

OPTION : Toxicologie et analyse du risque

LIEU : salle 3019 (3e étage - Pavillon 7101 avenue du Parc) ou en vidéoconférence Zoom.

Evaluating the use of dose-response relationships based on in vitro data in establishing acceptable exposure levels in humans.

Abstract:

With over 350,000 chemicals in use and more entering the market every year, cost-effective and time-efficient tools are necessary for the investigation of these products. Whole animal models are traditionally used and accepted by regulatory agencies; however, animal models carry multiple limitations. Specifically, animal models may take up to three years and six million dollars to investigate the carcinogenicity of a compound. Additionally, animal models have been shown to have poor predictive power for human safety. To overcome these obstacles, a global movement toward the development and acceptance of new alternative methods (NAMs) for chemical prioritization and risk assessment is taking place.

Our objective was to develop and evaluate a novel in vitro to in vivo (IVIVE) approach to establish acceptable exposure levels in humans by combining novel in vitro and biological/computational modeling technologies for chemical safety assessment. To this end, we tested and evaluated a computational tool utilized in the IVIVE approach, and conducted proof-of-concept studies on two case chemicals with publicly available in vitro data, exposure models, and epidemiological studies demonstrating adverse health effects.

In the first paper, we aimed to develop and evaluate a dynamic partitioning mass-balance model (IV-MBM DP v1.0) to estimate intracellular concentrations during in vitro experiments of repeat dosing, and incorporate facilitated transport into the model. To evaluate the model accuracy, we parametrized and applied the model to single dose and repeat dosing scenarios and assessed the output against empirical data. In addition, we simulated repeat dosing scenarios for organic chemicals with different properties and compared their dispersion within the system over time. Overall, for single and repeat dosing scenarios, concordance between simulated and experimental data illustrated the predictive power of the model.

In the second and third papers, we focused on the use and evaluation of our novel IVIVE approach through case studies involving placental and lactational exposure to persistent organic pollutants. The first step of our methodology was the selection of a point of departure from an in vitro study utilizing human cells. Next, we applied benchmark dose modeling to obtain the nominal concentration at a 5% relative change in response from control. We subsequently applied mass- balance modeling to determine the cellular concentration for the POD leading to a 5% change in response. A toxicokinetic model for placental transfer and lactation was then used to calculate the administered equivalent dose and associated maternal and cord plasma concentration, and uncertainty factors (interindividual variability (10) and subchronic to chronic (10)) were applied to calculate tolerable daily intakes and biomonitoring equivalents. Biomonitoring equivalents were compared to concentrations in maternal and cord blood measured in epidemiological studies. Our case studies were on 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) developmental neurotoxicity and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p’-DDE) obesogenicity. For both studies, calculated tolerable daily intakes accounting for uncertainty factors were more conservative than the reference doses determined through the use of whole animal models. Moreover, both case studies produced biomonitoring equivalents within the range of maternal and cord levels measured in epidemiological studies.

Overall, assessment of our IV-MBM DP v1.0 mass-balance model, as well as the demonstrated protective quality of the IVIVE approach in our case studies, enhances confidence in NAMs, which is essential for their future adoption by regulatory agencies.

Keywords: in vivo to in vitro extrapolation (IVIVE), toxicokinetic modeling, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), reverse dosimetry, mass-balance modeling, chemical risk assessment, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), new approach methodologies (NAMs).